Which Roman goddess was the personification of peace? Pax was the Roman goddess who personified peace.
Pax became especially important during the reign of Augustus, after decades of civil conflict had destabilized the Roman Republic. Augustus promoted her as a symbol of the stability and prosperity supposedly restored under his rule. Her name is the Latin word for “peace.”
In 13 BCE, Augustus dedicated the Ara Pacis, or Altar of Peace, in Rome. The emperor Vespasian later built the Templum Pacis, the Temple of Peace, in 75 CE. Pax was commonly shown with symbols such as an olive branch, cornucopia, grain, or caduceus, linking peace with abundance and good fortune.
Pax is sometimes confused with Eirene, the Greek personification of peace. Eirene was the Greek counterpart and an influence on Roman representations, but Pax is the canonical Roman answer. The phrase Pax Romana refers to a long period of relative imperial stability, not simply to the worship of the goddess herself.