The Roman goddess who personified the city of Rome was Roma.
Roma was a female divine personification of Rome and, more broadly, the Roman state. Rather than representing a narrowly defined natural force, she embodied Roman power, civic identity, military success, and the political order created by Rome’s expansion.
Her image appeared on coins, sculptures, monuments, and public buildings. Roma was often shown wearing a helmet and carrying martial associations, sometimes seated above captured weapons. These images presented Rome as both a conquering power and a protective authority over its subjects.
Roma’s imagery borrowed features from several goddesses, including Minerva, Athena, and Greek city-protecting figures such as Tyche. That resemblance can cause confusion, but Roma was specifically the personification of Rome itself. Her symbolism continued long after antiquity, reappearing in imperial art, modern Italian monuments, and political imagery.