Which Roman goddess is the mother of Cupid?

The Roman goddess who is the mother of Cupid is Venus. In the familiar Roman tradition, Cupid is the god of desire and erotic love, and Venus is the goddess of love, beauty, and fertility.

Cupid's Greek counterpart is Eros, who is commonly presented as the son of Aphrodite and Ares. Roman writers adapted that mythology, replacing Aphrodite with Venus and often identifying Mars as Cupid's father. This parentage also linked love with war through the relationship between Venus and Mars.

Mythological sources are not completely uniform. Some Roman accounts name Vulcan or Mercury as Cupid's father, and Cicero discusses multiple Cupids and Venuses. Those variations affect the father, not the standard answer to this question: Venus is consistently recognized as Cupid's mother in the best-known classical and artistic tradition.