Which Roman dictator restored Cleopatra to Egypt’s throne after the Siege of Alexandria? Julius Caesar. After Pompey’s defeat and assassination in Egypt, Caesar intervened in the dynastic struggle between Cleopatra VII and her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII.
During the Alexandrian War, Caesar supported the terms of their father Ptolemy XII’s will, which called for Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII to rule jointly. Fighting followed, and Caesar’s forces eventually defeated the Egyptian army. Ptolemy XIII drowned while trying to escape, clearing the way for a new settlement.
Caesar then installed Cleopatra as ruler alongside another younger brother, Ptolemy XIV. Cleopatra’s position still depended heavily on Roman military support, and Caesar left legions in Egypt to protect the new regime. Their relationship also produced Caesarion, born in 47 BC.
A common mix-up is to credit Mark Antony, but Antony’s major relationship with Cleopatra came later. Caesar was the Roman leader who intervened in the 48–47 BC crisis and restored her to power.