The Second Continental Congress passed the Lee Resolution to propose American independence in 1776.
Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduced the resolution on June 7, 1776. Its central language declared that the United Colonies should be free and independent states, ending their political connection with Great Britain.
Congress approved the independence resolution on July 2, 1776, before adopting the Declaration of Independence two days later. The Declaration explained the reasons for separation and announced the decision to a wider audience, but the Lee Resolution was the formal congressional motion for independence.
This distinction is a common source of confusion around America250. July 4 is celebrated as Independence Day because it marks adoption of the Declaration, while the congressional vote for independence occurred on July 2. Both events took place during the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia.