Which Renaissance machine did Leonardo da Vinci design to print raised letters on paper?

Leonardo da Vinci designed a printing press that used a screw mechanism to press type onto paper.

Printing was already transforming Europe when Leonardo studied the technology. His notebooks include a compact press design with a threaded screw, a platen, and an arrangement for handling type and sheets. The design shows his interest in improving the speed and control of mechanical operations.

Leonardo did not invent European movable-type printing; Johannes Gutenberg’s press and associated methods had appeared decades earlier. Leonardo’s contribution was a proposed refinement of the press mechanism rather than the creation of an entirely new printing system. The design is also different from an engraving press, which transfers an image from an engraved plate. Its significance lies in applying Leonardo’s engineering analysis to a major Renaissance technology.