Islam regards Ramadan fasting as one of its Five Pillars.
The fast is called sawm, and it is observed during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. The Five Pillars are foundational acts of worship: the declaration of faith, daily prayer, charitable giving, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca for those able to undertake it.
Ramadan fasting involves more than avoiding food and drink during daylight. Muslims also aim to strengthen self-discipline, prayer, charity, patience, and concern for people experiencing hardship. The month is associated in Islamic tradition with the revelation of the Quran to Muhammad, particularly the sacred Night of Decree, Laylat al-Qadr.
The obligation is not identical for every person. Traditional Islamic practice recognizes exemptions or accommodations for groups such as children, travelers, people who are ill, and pregnant or breastfeeding women, with differing rules about making up missed fasts. Other religions also have fasting traditions, but Ramadan fasting’s status as a Pillar specifically identifies Islam.