Which Ravenna monument has a fifth-century interior famous for a starry blue mosaic ceiling?

The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna has a fifth-century interior famous for its starry blue mosaic ceiling.

The small cruciform building was constructed in Ravenna during the fifth century, probably around AD 425–450. It is traditionally associated with Galla Placidia, daughter of the Roman emperor Theodosius I and an influential imperial figure, although scholars debate whether she was actually buried there.

Its exterior is plain brick, creating a striking contrast with the richly decorated interior. The central vault is covered with a deep blue mosaic field scattered with golden stars and centred on a cross. Other mosaics show apostles, symbolic animals, and Christian imagery, including a famous lunette depicting Christ as the Good Shepherd.

Despite its traditional name, the building may have functioned as a chapel or martyrium rather than a conventional imperial tomb. It is also distinct from Ravenna’s larger basilicas, such as San Vitale and Sant’Apollinare Nuovo. The monument forms part of Ravenna’s UNESCO-listed early Christian sites and is celebrated for the exceptional preservation of its mosaics.