Which rainforest mammal is the only bear native to South America?

The spectacled bear is the only bear species native to South America, living mainly in the Andes and in some humid forest habitats.

Its scientific name is Tremarctos ornatus, and it is also called the Andean bear. Pale markings around the eyes and muzzle can resemble spectacles, but their shape varies greatly between individuals. Some bears have extensive cream markings, while others show only small patches.

Spectacled bears are omnivores whose diets include fruit, bromeliads, palm hearts, insects, and small vertebrates. They are capable climbers and may build platforms in trees for feeding or resting. In the northern Andes, they can move between cloud forest, montane forest, grassland, and other elevations.

They are not closely related to South American raccoons or spectacled caimans, despite occasional name confusion. Habitat fragmentation, conflict with farmers, and hunting have reduced populations. The spectacled bear is the last surviving member of the short-faced bear subfamily Tremarctinae.