Which railway opened in 1830 as the first inter-city passenger railway?

Which railway opened in 1830 as the first inter-city passenger railway? The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the first inter-city railway.

The line opened on 15 September 1830, linking Liverpool and Manchester in England. It was designed to carry both passengers and freight, particularly manufactured goods moving between Manchester’s textile industries and Liverpool’s port. Its regular, scheduled service helped establish the railway as a practical form of modern transport.

The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was also notable because it relied entirely on steam locomotives for its main operations. George Stephenson and his son Robert were closely involved in its engineering, and the successful locomotive trials at Rainhill in 1829 helped determine which engines would be used.

The opening ceremony was marred by the accidental death of politician William Huskisson, who was struck by the locomotive Rocket. The railway is sometimes confused with the Stockton and Darlington Railway, which opened earlier in 1825, but that line was primarily a mineral railway with limited passenger service. The Liverpool and Manchester line was the landmark inter-city passenger operation.