Which province across the Alps was part of Caesar's Gallic command?

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Which province across the Alps was part of Caesar's Gallic command? Transalpine Gaul was part of it.

The Roman name Gallia Transalpina meant “Gaul across the Alps,” distinguishing southern Gaul from Gallia Cisalpina in northern Italy. The province was also called Provincia Nostra, “Our Province,” a name that survives in Provence. Its main colonial center was Narbo Martius, modern Narbonne, founded in 118 BC.

In 59 BC, Caesar initially received the proconsular commands of Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum through the lex Vatinia. After the death of the governor of Narbonensis, the Senate added Transalpine Gaul and another legion to his five-year command. Caesar took up these commands in 58 BC, using southern Gaul as a base for campaigns farther north.

A common mix-up is treating Transalpine Gaul as the whole of the territory Caesar conquered during the Gallic Wars. Strictly, the established Roman province was in southern Gaul; much of the independent territory conquered in the campaigns lay beyond its borders and was organized later.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Sept. 2026

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