Which Polish astronomer proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system?

Which Polish astronomer proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system? Nicolaus Copernicus did. His model placed the Sun near the center and made Earth one of several planets orbiting it, overturning the long-dominant Ptolemaic system, which placed Earth at the center.

Copernicus developed his theory decades before publishing it. His major work, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, appeared in 1543, the year of his death. The model explained the apparent backward, or retrograde, motion of planets as an effect of Earth’s own movement rather than as a series of complicated planetary loops.

Copernicus’s system was not fully modern: it retained circular orbits and epicycles, and it was not immediately more accurate than Ptolemy’s model. Johannes Kepler later replaced the circles with elliptical orbits, while Galileo supplied important telescopic evidence. Aristarchus of Samos had proposed an earlier Sun-centered idea in antiquity, but Copernicus independently created the influential Renaissance mathematical model that launched the Copernican Revolution.