Which Peruvian city had a 2023 estimated city population of 10,092,000? Lima. Peru’s capital had an estimated city population of 10,092,000 in 2023.
Lima was founded by Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535, as the Ciudad de los Reyes, or “City of Kings.” It became the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and remained the country’s political and economic center after independence. The city occupies a desert landscape on Peru’s central Pacific coast, in the valleys of the Rímac, Chillón, and Lurín rivers.
Population figures for Lima require careful definitions. The 10,092,000 estimate refers to the city figure used in the cited 2023 projection, while metropolitan totals can be higher because the continuously urbanized area includes Callao and additional districts. Other sources may also report a lower urban-only total or a larger agglomeration estimate.
Lima is Peru’s primate city: its population and national influence greatly exceed those of Arequipa, Trujillo, and Chiclayo. It is also commonly described as the largest Spanish-speaking city by city-proper population, though comparisons depend on boundaries and methodology.