Which Persian capital was located at modern-day Hamadan, Iran?

Which Persian capital was located at modern-day Hamadan, Iran? Ecbatana was the ancient Persian capital at the site of modern Hamadan.

Ecbatana, also called Hagmatana in Old Persian and Greek forms, was an important city in western Iran. It served as the capital of the Median Empire and later became a major royal residence under the Achaemenid, Seleucid, and Parthian periods. Its location in the Zagros Mountains helped make it a strategic crossroads between Mesopotamia, central Iran, and Anatolia.

The city is especially associated with the Median king Deioces in Greek historical accounts, although the details of its early history are debated. Greek writers also described Ecbatana as richly decorated, with concentric walls and precious-metal ornamentation, but those descriptions may combine fact with literary embellishment.

A common mix-up is with Persepolis, which was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire, or Pasargadae, associated with Cyrus the Great. Ecbatana’s modern successor, Hamadan, remains one of Iran’s oldest continuously inhabited urban centers.