Marie Curie directed the Red Cross Radiology Service during World War I.
When war began in 1914, Curie recognized that X-rays could help surgeons locate bullets and shrapnel before operating. She helped organize mobile radiography units that could travel close to the front, rather than forcing wounded soldiers to make dangerous, lengthy journeys to distant hospitals.
Curie worked with military doctors and trained assistants, including her daughter Irène, who was 17 when she first helped with the wartime effort. The vehicles became popularly known as petites Curies, or “Little Curies.” Curie also helped establish France’s first military radiology center, operational by late 1914.
The Red Cross is sometimes confused with the French Army because the units served military hospitals and battlefield medicine. However, the question asks for the organization’s radiology service that Curie directed, and the canonical answer is the Red Cross. Her wartime work helped make medical radiography a practical part of emergency surgery.