Which organization of Oxford writers and scholars included J.R.R. Tolkien?

The Inklings was the Oxford literary discussion group that included J.R.R. Tolkien.

The group met mainly in Oxford during the 1930s and 1940s. Its members and regular participants included C. S. Lewis, Charles Williams, Owen Barfield, and Warren Lewis. They read portions of works in progress aloud, discussed literature, and debated Christian ideas, mythology, and storytelling.

Tolkien and C. S. Lewis became close friends, although their relationship was sometimes complicated. Tolkien read early material from The Lord of the Rings to members of the group, while Lewis’s encouragement helped sustain Tolkien during the long process of writing and revising the novel.

The Inklings was not a formal society with a fixed membership list or official constitution. The name was an informal label for a changing circle that commonly met at the Eagle and Child pub, known to them as the Bird and Baby, and sometimes in college rooms.