Which North American moth is famous for its large, colorful caterpillar called a puss caterpillar?

The North American moth famous for a puss caterpillar is the southern flannel moth.

The southern flannel moth is Megalopyge opercularis, a member of the family Megalopygidae. Its larva is commonly called a puss caterpillar because its dense, soft-looking hairs resemble fur. Hidden among those hairs are venomous spines that can cause intense pain when touched.

The adult moth is much less alarming. It is small to medium-sized, often yellowish, orange, or gray, with a furry appearance. The species occurs in the southern United States, Mexico, and parts of Central America.

The caterpillars feed on a variety of trees and shrubs, including oaks, elms, and citrus. Their attractive appearance is a common source of accidental contact, so the “fur” should never be handled.