Which noble title did Henry Tudor hold before becoming king?

Before becoming king, Henry Tudor held the title Earl of Richmond.

Henry Tudor was the son of Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, and Lady Margaret Beaufort. He became known as Henry, Earl of Richmond, during the years when he was the leading Lancastrian claimant opposing the Yorkist regime. The title connected him to his father and to an important Welsh and Lancastrian inheritance.

Henry spent much of his youth in exile, especially in Brittany, while Edward IV and later Richard III controlled England. His claim to the crown was politically useful but genealogically weaker than those of several Yorkists, so he strengthened his position through marriage plans and alliances.

On 22 August 1485, Henry defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was then crowned Henry VII, becoming the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The title is sometimes confused with the Duke of Richmond, but that is a different ducal title created later and is not the title associated with Henry before his accession.