Which Nazi fugitive did the Israelis capture in Argentina in 1960?

The Nazi fugitive captured by Israeli agents in Argentina in 1960 was Adolf Eichmann.

Eichmann had been a senior SS officer and a key organizer of the Holocaust’s deportation system. After Germany’s defeat in 1945, he escaped custody and eventually reached Argentina, where he lived under the alias Ricardo Klement. Information from German-Jewish immigrants helped Israeli intelligence identify him near Buenos Aires.

Mossad and Shin Bet agents seized Eichmann on May 11, 1960, near his home in San Fernando. They held him secretly for several days, then transported him to Israel aboard an El Al flight using a disguise and false documents. Israel’s action caused a diplomatic dispute because Argentina argued that its sovereignty had been violated.

Eichmann’s trial began in Jerusalem in 1961. He was convicted on charges including crimes against humanity and war crimes, sentenced to death, and executed by hanging on June 1, 1962. He is sometimes confused with Josef Mengele, another Nazi fugitive who lived in South America but was never captured and died in Brazil in 1979.