Which Nazi extermination camp was located at Chełmno in occupied Poland?

Chełmno extermination camp was the Nazi killing center located at Chełmno in occupied Poland.

The camp began operating in December 1941 near the village of Chełmno nad Nerem, west of Łódź. Its primary victims were Jews from the Łódź Ghetto and surrounding areas, along with Roma and other persecuted people. Victims were murdered in gas vans, using engine exhaust, rather than in stationary gas chambers.

Chełmno was one of the first Nazi camps created specifically for mass extermination. The site had a reception area at the village manor house and a killing and burial complex in the nearby Rzuchów Forest. The Nazis later exhumed and burned many bodies to conceal evidence.

Chełmno is sometimes confused with the Operation Reinhard camps, but it was administered separately. Historians estimate that at least 150,000 people were murdered there, although exact totals remain difficult to establish because the Nazis destroyed records.