Which moth became famous for its dark form during the Industrial Revolution?

The peppered moth became famous for its dark form during the Industrial Revolution.

The species, Biston betularia, normally has pale wings speckled with black, a pattern that helps it blend into lichen-covered tree bark. In heavily polluted industrial areas, soot darkened tree trunks and reduced lichen, making a darker form called carbonaria less conspicuous to bird predators. Naturalists observed that the dark form became more common in polluted regions.

As air pollution declined during the twentieth century, lichens returned to many trees and the frequency of the dark form fell in Britain. This shift became a classic example of natural selection: camouflage affected survival, and inherited color differences changed in frequency across generations.

The peppered moth story is sometimes simplified into a claim that moths deliberately changed color. They did not. The population changed because individuals with better camouflage were more likely to survive and reproduce under particular environmental conditions.