Which Mishnah tractate is named for the Jewish New Year?

The Mishnah tractate named for the Jewish New Year is **Rosh Hashanah**.

Rosh Hashanah literally means “head of the year.” The tractate, part of the order Moed, examines the calendar and the religious laws surrounding the New Year. Its opening mishnah famously identifies four different annual beginnings, each serving a distinct legal or agricultural purpose.

The tractate also discusses the sighting and announcement of the new moon, the authority of the rabbinic court, and disputes over calendar dates. Later chapters focus on the shofar: its construction, suitable horns, the required blasts, and the structure of the Rosh Hashanah prayers. The liturgy includes the sections known as Malkhuyot, Zikhronot, and Shofarot, concerning divine kingship, remembrance, and trumpet blasts.

A common mix-up is to treat Rosh Hashanah as only the name of the holiday. It is also the title of a complete Talmudic tractate, found in both the Mishnah and the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds. Pesachim concerns Passover, Megillah focuses chiefly on Purim, and Berakhot deals primarily with prayers and blessings.