Which mathematician and astronomer published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in 1543?

Nicolaus Copernicus published De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in 1543.

Copernicus was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer from Royal Prussia who developed a heliocentric model of the cosmos. In that model, Earth rotates on its axis and travels around the Sun, rather than remaining fixed at the centre of the universe. His book’s Latin title means “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.”

The work challenged the dominant geocentric tradition associated with Claudius Ptolemy and supported by established philosophical and theological interpretations. Copernicus retained circular planetary orbits and other features of older astronomy, so his system did not immediately provide the accurate predictions later achieved by Johannes Kepler.

Copernicus reportedly received a printed copy of the book near the end of his life in 1543. The heliocentric idea became more influential through later observations and mathematical work by Galileo Galilei and Kepler. Copernicus’s contribution is therefore best understood as a major foundation of the Scientific Revolution, not as a complete modern theory of planetary motion.