The many-seeded fruit that symbolizes fruitfulness in many Rosh Hashanah traditions is the pomegranate.
Its abundant seeds make it a natural symbol of fertility, fruitfulness, and a year filled with blessings. Pomegranates may be served as one of the simanim, or symbolic foods, at a Rosh Hashanah meal. Families may eat the seeds while expressing hopes for prosperity and good deeds in the coming year.
The fruit also has deep Jewish and regional associations. It is one of the Seven Species named in the Hebrew Bible as characteristic products of the Land of Israel, and pomegranate imagery appears in Jewish art and ritual objects. Decorative Torah finials are sometimes called rimmonim, a Hebrew word related to “pomegranate.”
A common modern claim says that every pomegranate has exactly 613 seeds, matching the traditional count of the Torah’s commandments. That is not botanically reliable: the number varies widely from fruit to fruit. The important symbolism is abundance, not a fixed seed count. Pomegranates are not universal at every Rosh Hashanah table; customs differ among Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrahi, and other communities.