Which London bank's 1866 failure triggered the temporary closure of the London Stock Exchange?

Overend, Gurney and Company’s failure triggered the temporary closure of the London Stock Exchange during the Panic of 1866.

Overend, Gurney and Company had developed from a respected bill-broking business into a major financial institution. It suspended payments on May 10, 1866, after losses from risky lending and investments damaged its solvency. The failure caused a run on banks and sharply reduced confidence in London’s credit markets.

The London Stock Exchange closed temporarily during the panic, while the Bank of England provided emergency support after the government suspended the legal limit on its note issue. This helped contain the immediate crisis.

The event is distinct from the 1875 collapse of Barings Bank and from the 1866 failure of the Agra and Masterman’s Bank. Overend, Gurney’s collapse is the central banking failure associated with the London-centered Panic of 1866.