Which Japanese card game uses a deck based on the Hyakunin Isshu?

Uta-garuta is the Japanese card game that uses a deck based on the Hyakunin Isshu.

The game uses two sets of 100 cards. Reading cards, called yomifuda, show a poet, image, and complete poem. Players compete for grabbing cards, called torifuda, which contain only the concluding phrases. A reader recites the poem, and players identify the matching card as quickly as possible.

The anthology’s poetic structure makes the game especially distinctive: the opening portion can identify a poem before its final lines are heard. In competitive karuta, players develop rapid listening, memory, reflexes, and knowledge of classical Japanese vocabulary.

Uta-garuta is particularly associated with New Year celebrations in Japan, while kyōgi karuta is its organized competitive form. Mahjong, shogi, and hanafuda are different Japanese or Japan-associated games and do not use the Hyakunin Isshu as their standard poem deck.