Which Italian region includes Galileo's birthplace, Pisa?

Galileo Galilei’s birthplace, Pisa, is in the Italian region of Tuscany.

Galileo was born in Pisa on 15 February 1564, when the city was part of the Duchy of Florence rather than a unified Italian nation. Pisa lies in western Tuscany on the Arno River, close to where it reaches the Ligurian Sea. The city is best known for the Leaning Tower, but it was also an important medieval maritime republic and a major centre of learning.

Galileo later studied at the University of Pisa and held the university’s chair of mathematics from 1589. His time there helped establish the scientific interests in motion, mechanics and mathematics that shaped his later work. In 1592 he moved to the University of Padua, where he spent 18 productive years.

Tuscany is often associated with Florence, Siena and Renaissance art, but Pisa is one of its principal cities. It should not be confused with Padua, which is in Veneto, or with Galileo’s later home in Arcetri, also in Tuscany. The regional answer is therefore geographical, not a reference to Galileo’s university career.