Mount Kelud's 1919 eruption killed about 5,000 people, largely through lahars.
Mount Kelud is a stratovolcano in East Java, Indonesia, known for explosive eruptions and a crater lake. On 19 May 1919, an eruption displaced water and volcanic debris from the crater, sending destructive lahars down valleys and into settled areas. The disaster killed roughly 5,000 people.
The volcano's crater lake has repeatedly increased the danger of eruptions because hot volcanic material can mix with water and generate fast-moving mudflows. Later eruptions, including those in 1990 and 2014, also produced major ash and debris hazards.
Kelud is often confused with Merapi because both are active volcanoes in Java. Merapi lies farther west and is famous for lava-dome collapses, while Kelud is especially associated with crater-lake eruptions and lahars. Both volcanoes have caused serious disasters in Indonesia's densely populated volcanic landscape.