The Indonesian island home to the only surviving tiger population in the Sunda Islands is Sumatra.
The Sumatran tiger is the tiger population native to Sumatra, the large western Indonesian island. It is the last surviving tiger population in the Sunda Islands, a region that also includes Java and Bali. Tigers formerly lived on those two islands as well, but the Javan and Bali tiger populations disappeared during the 20th century.
Sumatran tigers occupy fragmented habitats ranging from coastal lowland forests to mountainous areas. Important strongholds include Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park and Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. They may also use landscapes near farms and settlements, which increases the risk of conflict.
The name can be confusing because modern taxonomy groups the Sumatran, Javan and Bali populations within the subspecies Panthera tigris sondaica. Older classifications often treated the Sumatran tiger as Panthera tigris sumatrae. Regardless of the taxonomic label, Sumatra is the only Sunda island where a wild tiger population survives.