Jaipur ranked 10th by population among India’s cities in the 2011 census. The city recorded 3,046,163 residents, placing it behind Pune and ahead of Lucknow in the commonly used city-population table.
Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan and is widely known as the Pink City. Sawai Jai Singh II founded it in 1727, and the architect Vidyadhar Bhattacharya designed its historic core as a planned city with a regular grid of broad streets and market blocks. Jaipur became the capital of Rajasthan after Indian independence.
The ranking can cause confusion because Indian population tables use different geographic definitions. A city proper, an urban agglomeration and a district may have different boundaries and totals. Jaipur’s district population was much larger than the municipal city figure, while urban-agglomeration tables can also produce a slightly different ranking.
The alternatives in the question—Pune, Lucknow and Kanpur—were all major million-plus cities in 2011, but the standard city table places Pune ninth, Jaipur tenth, Lucknow eleventh and Kanpur twelfth.