Which holding company was formed after the Panic of 1901 compromise?

The Northern Securities Company was the holding company formed after the compromise that followed the Panic of 1901.

The panic grew out of the battle between E. H. Harriman and James J. Hill's group for influence over the Northern Pacific Railway and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy. After the stock corner threatened wider financial damage, the rival interests agreed to settle their immediate differences and reduce competition through a new corporate structure.

In 1901, the Northern Securities Company was organized to hold controlling interests in the Northern Pacific, Great Northern and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroads. James J. Hill became its president, and the company was capitalized at $400 million. It was not simply another operating railway; its purpose was to coordinate ownership and control across several major lines.

The arrangement quickly attracted public criticism as a railroad monopoly. The Justice Department sued under the Sherman Antitrust Act, and the Supreme Court ordered the company dissolved in 1904 by a 5–4 decision. United States Steel and Standard Oil were major trusts, but neither was the holding company created from the 1901 railroad settlement; First National City Bank was a financier, not the resulting entity.