Which goose species is common in North America and migrates in V-formations?

The Canada goose is the goose species commonly associated with North America and with migration in V-shaped formations. Its scientific name is Branta canadensis, and it is native to the Arctic and temperate regions of North America.

Many Canada geese breed in Canada and the northern United States before moving south in autumn, although some populations now remain year-round where food and mild conditions are available. Great Lakes and coastal regions support especially large populations.

The V formation helps birds conserve energy by exploiting the aerodynamic lift created by the bird ahead. Geese take turns leading because the front position requires the greatest effort. Their calls and formations are familiar signs of spring and autumn migration.

The snow goose and brant goose also migrate in North America, while the greylag goose is primarily associated with Eurasia. Those species can form flocks too, but the black neck, white cheek patches and classic North American V-formations point to the Canada goose.