Which German literary movement's name translates as 'storm and stress'?

The German literary movement whose name translates as “storm and stress” is Sturm und Drang.

The movement developed mainly from the late 1760s through the early 1780s as a reaction against Enlightenment rationalism and strict artistic rules. Its writers emphasized individual feeling, intuition, rebellion, imagination, and extreme emotional experience rather than orderly reason alone.

The name comes from Friedrich Maximilian Klinger’s play Sturm und Drang, written in 1776 and published in 1777. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller were associated with the movement early in their careers, although both later became leading figures of Weimar Classicism.

“Storm and stress” is the conventional English translation, but German Drang can also suggest urge, impulse, longing, or pressure. The movement is therefore sometimes described as proto-Romantic: it helped prepare the way for Romanticism’s emphasis on emotion, nature, and individual creativity.