Which German commander in East Africa never surrendered throughout World War I?

Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck was the German commander in East Africa who never surrendered during the fighting of World War I.

He commanded the Schutztruppe in German East Africa and used mobile warfare, ambushes, and raids to keep a much larger Allied force occupied. Rather than defending fixed positions, his troops moved through difficult terrain and repeatedly avoided encirclement.

When Germany signed the European armistice on 11 November 1918, Lettow-Vorbeck’s force was still active. He learned of the armistice later and continued operating until he formally surrendered at Abercorn in Northern Rhodesia on 25 November, two weeks after the fighting in Europe had ended.

That timing explains the wording of the trivia question. Lettow-Vorbeck did eventually surrender, but not during the war’s active European hostilities. He is often described as having remained undefeated in the field, although later historians have noted that this reputation became surrounded by post-war mythology.