Which geoheliocentric model had the Sun orbit Earth while other planets orbited the Sun?

The geoheliocentric model in which the Sun orbits Earth while the other planets orbit the Sun was the Tychonic system.

Tycho Brahe published this arrangement in 1588 as a compromise between the traditional geocentric model and Copernicus’s heliocentric system. Earth remained stationary at the center; the Sun and Moon revolved around Earth, while Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn revolved around the Sun. The fixed stars were also placed around the central Earth-Sun system.

The model appealed to astronomers who wanted to preserve a motionless Earth while accounting for observations that challenged older Ptolemaic astronomy, especially the phases of Venus. Mathematically, the Tychonic and Copernican arrangements can produce the same relative planetary motions when no physical theory of forces is imposed.

The Aristotelian and Ptolemaic systems are fundamentally geocentric, with the planets generally carried by motions centered on Earth. The Copernican system is heliocentric, placing the Sun at the center instead. “Geoheliocentric” captures the Tychonic system’s hybrid character.