Which French republic wanted to revive the 14 July festival in 1880?

The French republic that wanted to revive the 14 July festival in 1880 was the Third Republic.

The Third Republic had been established after the fall of Napoleon III in 1870 and was consolidating republican institutions during the late 1870s and early 1880s. Its leaders sought public symbols and ceremonies that could strengthen loyalty to the republic, including a national celebration associated with revolutionary liberty and popular sovereignty.

In 1880, the government backed restoring 14 July as a major national festival. The date carried two possible meanings: the storming of the Bastille in 1789 and the Fête de la Fédération held on the same date in 1790. Emphasizing both memories made the holiday more acceptable to republicans who viewed the violent 1789 uprising with caution.

The holiday was established by law in 1880 and officially celebrated on 14 July. The Second Republic belonged to 1848–1852, while the Fourth Republic was created after the Second World War, so neither fits this event.