Maurice Allais won the 1988 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources.
Allais made important contributions to general equilibrium theory, welfare economics, and decision-making under uncertainty. He studied how prices and markets can coordinate resources, while also analyzing situations in which people do not behave exactly as standard expected-utility theory predicts. The Allais paradox, named after his experimental findings, is a well-known challenge to some conventional assumptions about risk preferences.
Allais was the first French citizen to receive the economics prize. He won alone in 1988. Jean Tirole won in 2014, Edmund Phelps in 2006, and Robert Lucas in 1995, so none of those later laureates is the answer to this question.