Which free-trade agreement replaced NAFTA in 2020?

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The United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement, or USMCA, replaced NAFTA in 2020.

USMCA governs trade among the United States, Mexico and Canada. It entered into force on 1 July 2020, replacing the North American Free Trade Agreement, which had operated since 1994. The newer agreement retained much of NAFTA’s tariff-free framework while changing rules for automobiles, labor, digital trade, intellectual property and dispute settlement.

Canada commonly refers to the agreement as CUSMA, using the countries’ initials in Canadian order. Mexico uses the Spanish acronym T-MEC. These names describe the same agreement, while USMCA is the standard English name used in the United States.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Sept. 2026

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