Which fossil bird from Germany had feathers, teeth, and a long bony tail?

Archaeopteryx was a fossil bird from Germany known for feathers, teeth, and a long bony tail.

Its fossils come mainly from Late Jurassic limestone deposits in Bavaria, dating to about 150 million years ago. Archaeopteryx combined bird-like traits, including feathers and wings, with dinosaur-like features such as jaws with teeth, clawed fingers, and a long vertebral tail.

The first known specimen was discovered in 1861, shortly after Darwin published On the Origin of Species. Because it combined characteristics associated with birds and non-avian theropod dinosaurs, it became an important fossil in discussions of bird evolution.

Scientists continue to debate details such as its flight ability and exact position on the bird family tree. It is safer to call Archaeopteryx an early bird or avialan than to treat it as the single, unquestionably direct ancestor of every modern bird.