The gyrfalcon is the largest of the falcon species and breeds in Arctic regions.
Gyrfalcons are powerful northern predators that breed around Arctic coasts and tundra in North America, Europe, and Asia. They hunt birds such as ptarmigans and seabirds, as well as some mammals. Instead of relying mainly on spectacular high-speed dives, they often pursue prey in fast, sustained chases close to the ground or over open water.
Plumage varies geographically. Gyrfalcons may be white, silver-gray, or dark, and these color forms are natural variations rather than separate species. White birds are especially associated with the high Arctic, while darker forms occur farther south.
The species has a long history in falconry. Medieval European rulers prized white gyrfalcons, and historical trade in these birds made them symbols of status. The gyrfalcon is larger and heavier than the peregrine falcon, although the peregrine remains famous for its diving speed.