San Marino’s flag features a coat of arms showing three towers on three peaks. The emblem is centered on a horizontal white-and-light-blue bicolour, making San Marino the canonical answer.
The three towers are Guaita, Cesta, and Montale, the historic fortifications built on the three summits of Monte Titano. In the coat of arms, each tower carries an ostrich-feather weather vane. The emblem is topped by a crown and surrounded by oak and laurel branches, with the Latin motto “LIBERTAS,” meaning “Freedom,” beneath it.
The towers and peaks are not decorative inventions: they represent San Marino’s three citadels and the three summits of its mountain. Guaita dates from the 11th century, Cesta occupies the highest summit, and Montale stands on the smallest. San Marino’s official flag design was standardized by law in 2011, although plain white-and-blue civil versions are also seen.