Japan is famous for eating soba noodles on New Year’s Eve in the tradition called toshikoshi soba.
Toshikoshi soba means “year-crossing soba.” People commonly eat the buckwheat noodles on December 31, often shortly before or around the transition into January 1. The noodles’ length is associated with longevity, while their ease of cutting is linked symbolically with leaving the hardships of the old year behind.
The custom is not governed by one mandatory recipe. Broth, toppings, and serving styles vary by region and household. Tempura, green onions, fish cake, and other ingredients may be added, but the defining food is soba rather than a particular garnish.
The tradition became widespread during the Edo period, when soba shops and urban food culture expanded. Toshikoshi soba is one part of Japan’s broader shōgatsu season, which includes temple visits, special foods, decorations, and family gatherings. It is separate from joya no kane, the Buddhist bell-ringing ceremony performed at temples.