Canada has the world's longest coastline, extending along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic oceans. Including the shores of its many islands, commonly cited measurements total about 202,080 kilometres, although exact figures vary with the scale used to measure a complex coast.
Canada's coastline includes mainland shores and vast Arctic archipelagos such as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Major bodies of water bordering the country include Hudson Bay, the Beaufort Sea, the Labrador Sea, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The country's northern coast is strongly shaped by sea ice, fjords, channels, and permafrost landscapes.
Canada is also the second-largest country by total area after Russia. Its 10 provinces and three territories span six time zones, and the northern territories account for a large share of its coastline. Coastline rankings can differ if sources use different definitions, but Canada is consistently recognized as the global leader.