Which country has the most official languages at the national level? Bolivia. Its 2009 Constitution recognizes Spanish plus 36 Indigenous languages, for a total of 37 official languages.
This language policy reflects Bolivia’s description of itself as a plurinational state. The constitution names languages belonging to peoples including the Quechua, Aymara, Guaraní, Uru-Chipaya and many smaller Indigenous communities. Spanish remains the most widely used language and is central to national administration, while Indigenous languages have constitutional status.
Recognition does not mean every language is spoken equally widely. Several of the 37 have very small speaker populations, and some are endangered or considered extinct. Government institutions are generally expected to use Spanish together with an Indigenous language appropriate to the territory and its population.
India is a frequent alternative answer because it has 22 constitutionally recognized languages at the Union level, while South Africa has 12 national official languages. Those figures are substantial, but they do not exceed Bolivia’s national total. The answer concerns official status, not the number of languages spoken in a country; Papua New Guinea leads on linguistic diversity but not national official languages.