Which country contains the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela?

The rock-hewn churches of Lalibela are in Ethiopia.

The complex consists of 11 medieval churches carved directly downward into volcanic rock in the Ethiopian Highlands. Rather than being built from separate blocks, many were created by excavating trenches around a solid mass of stone and then shaping the interior.

The churches are traditionally associated with King Gebre Mesqel Lalibela of the Zagwe dynasty, who ruled around the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Their layout symbolically recreates Jerusalem, including a channel identified with the River Jordan. The site remains an active pilgrimage center for the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.

A common mix-up is Armenia's Geghard monastery, another famous rock-cut Christian site. Lalibela is also sometimes treated as a single church, but the name refers to a wider complex near the town of Lalibela. UNESCO added the site to its World Heritage List in 1978.