Deep Blue defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a six-game match in 1997.
IBM developed Deep Blue as a specialized chess-playing supercomputer. It used custom hardware to examine enormous numbers of chess positions and combined that search with a chess knowledge database and evaluation functions. An earlier version, Deep Thought, had lost to Kasparov in 1989, while an upgraded Deep Blue drew a 1996 match before the decisive rematch.
The 1997 contest in New York ended with Deep Blue winning two games, Kasparov winning one, and three games drawn. Deep Blue’s victory was a landmark in computer chess and a highly publicized demonstration of specialized machine performance. It did not prove that computers possessed human-like general intelligence: the system was built for chess and relied on massive calculation rather than broad everyday reasoning.