Which compound is the oxidizing agent in household bleach, with the formula NaClO?

Sodium hypochlorite is the compound in household bleach with the formula NaClO.

In water, sodium hypochlorite produces hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ions. These reactive chlorine-containing species can damage the molecules of many microorganisms and break down colored compounds, which explains bleach’s disinfecting and whitening actions.

Household bleach is normally a dilute aqueous solution rather than pure sodium hypochlorite. Commercial products vary in concentration and may also contain stabilizers or other ingredients. Bleach should never be mixed with acids or ammonia-containing cleaners, because hazardous gases or irritating vapors can form.

Sodium chloride is ordinary table salt and has the formula NaCl, so it is not the same compound. Calcium hypochlorite is another chlorine-releasing disinfectant, often used in swimming-pool treatment, but it is not the principal compound named by NaClO.