Which civilization built the city of Petra, now in Jordan?

The Nabataeans built Petra, the ancient city now located in Jordan.

The Nabataeans were an Arab people who established a powerful kingdom in the region and made Petra their capital. They prospered from long-distance trade routes linking Arabia with the Mediterranean world, dealing in goods such as spices, incense, and textiles.

Petra’s most famous structures were carved directly into rose-coloured sandstone cliffs. The city also depended on sophisticated systems of channels, cisterns, dams, and pipes that collected and managed scarce water in a dry environment. The celebrated Treasury is a monumental rock-cut façade, not a free-standing treasure store.

Rome annexed the Nabataean Kingdom in 106 CE. Petra later declined as trade routes changed and earthquakes caused damage. Swiss traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt brought the site to wider European attention in 1812, after it had remained largely unknown in Europe for centuries.