Which canal, opened in 1933, connects the White Sea to the Baltic Sea?

The canal opened in 1933 that connects the White Sea to the Baltic Sea is the White Sea–Baltic Canal.

Opened on 2 August 1933, the canal runs from the White Sea at Belomorsk to Lake Onega, which connects onward to the Baltic Sea through Russia’s inland waterways. It is about 227 kilometres long and includes 19 locks.

Construction took place between 1931 and 1933 under the Soviet government and relied heavily on forced labor from Gulag prison camps. The project was completed in roughly 20 months, but the canal was built with shallow dimensions that limited the size of vessels able to use it. Thousands of prisoners died during construction; estimates vary substantially.

A common mix-up is assuming the canal directly joins two open seas along its entire route. More precisely, it links the White Sea with Lake Onega and the broader Baltic waterway system. It was originally named the Stalin White Sea–Baltic Canal, a name officially dropped in 1961.