Which battle in 732 was won by Charlemagne's grandfather Charles Martel?

The Battle of Tours was the 732 battle won by Charlemagne’s grandfather, Charles Martel.

Charles Martel, whose name means “Charles the Hammer,” led Frankish forces against an Umayyad army commanded by Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi, governor of al-Andalus. The battle took place in October 732 somewhere between Tours and Poitiers in what is now France. Medieval sources give few reliable details, so its exact location and the armies’ size remain debated.

The Frankish victory halted the Umayyad army’s northward advance into Gaul, although it did not end Muslim rule in Iberia or eliminate later fighting along the Frankish frontier. Charles continued campaigning in southern Gaul afterward, including an unsuccessful attempt to capture Narbonne.

The encounter is also called the Battle of Poitiers, which can confuse quiz-takers. “Battle of Tours” is the standard English answer, while “Battle of Poitiers” refers to the same 732 engagement, not a separate battle.